Texture
1. The first what we going to do is search a good texture. You can find them on stock sites or make your own textures. If you find a good one you open it in photoshop and go to edit > define pattern... And you give it a name. Now take the Elliptical Marquee Tool (M) and make a circle (Be sure its big enough, I take something about 2000x2000 pixels) Its best if you take style: Fixed Size and select your size. Now go to Edit > Fill and Use: Pattern and then choose your texture. If your texture is a bit to light or you want soem more variety. Duplicate your layer and select Multiply instead of Normal (on the duplicated layer) Then you can change the opacity a bit according to your liking.
2. Now we going to start to make it look like a real planet. Go to Filter > Distort > Spherize and take 100%. Now we got the base. If you want, you can now make your planet smaller (Edit > Transform > Scale) You can use different textures then you got even more variety. But we keep it simple. You still can try things by yourself but this are the basic steps.
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